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N N PPPPP SSSSS NN N P P S Nominal N N N P P S N N N PPPPP SSSS Pipe N N N P S N NN P S Size N N P SSSSS Piping Database Version 2.1 for Windows (tm) Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994 Herne Data Systems Ltd. PO Box 250 Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0 CANADA Voice or FAX (519) 366-2732 CompuServe 72060,1153 (NPSW.DOC: v2.1 94-03-01) TABLE OF CONTENTS THE FINE PRINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii REGISTRATION BENEFITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii REGISTRATION AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT ADDRESS . . . . . . . iii COMPUSERVE SHAREWARE REGISTRATION SERVICE . . . . . . . iii ASP OMBUDSMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv DEFINITION OF SHAREWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 PRINTING THE DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 MAKING A BACKUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 INSTALLING N P S UNDER WINDOWS 3.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 RUNNING N P S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 MENU OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DATA FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 NPS.DTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 NPS.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 APPENDIX A: CALCULATION METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 APPENDIX B: VERSION HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 i THE FINE PRINT DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT Users of N P S for Windows must accept this disclaimer of warranty: "N P S for Windows is supplied as is. The author disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for damages, direct or consequential, which may result from the use of N P S for Windows." N P S for Windows is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your friends, but it must not be altered in any way or included as part of another system without the express prior written consent of Herne Data Systems Ltd.. The essence of "user- supported" software is to provide personal computer users with quality software without high prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to continue to develop new products. If you find this program useful and find that you continue to use N P S for Windows after a 30 day trial period, you must make a registration payment of $29.95 (US), $32.95 (CDN) (plus $2 postage) to Herne Data Systems Ltd. Cheque, money order, VISA credit card, and corporate, government and institutional purchase orders are accepted. The single user registration fee will license one copy for use on any one computer at any one time. You must treat this software just like a book. An example is that this software may be used by any number of people and may be freely moved from one computer location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it being used at one location while it's being used at another. Just as a book cannot be read by two different persons at the same time. Corporate, government and institutional users of N P S for Windows must register and pay for their copies of N P S for Windows within 30 days of first use or their license is withdrawn. Unlimited user Site Licenses are available for $100 (US) or $120 (CDN) directly from Herne Data Systems Ltd. Any individual, corporation or institution distributing N P S for Windows for any kind of remuneration must first contact Herne Data Systems Ltd. at the address below for authorization. This authorization will be granted automatically to distributors recognized by the ASP as adhering to its guidelines for shareware distributors, and such distributors may begin offering N P S for Windows immediately (However Herne Data Systems Ltd. must still be advised so that the distributor can be kept up-to-date with the latest version of N P S for Windows). ii N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- You are encouraged to pass a copy of N P S for Windows along to your friends for evaluation. Please encourage them to register their copy if they find that they can use it. NOTE: This program requires Windows 3.0 or later. Windows is a trade mark of Microsoft Corp. REGISTRATION BENEFITS IF YOU HAVE ALREADY REGISTERED, THANK YOU! All registered users will receive a copy of the latest version of the N P S for Windows system, along with free technical support and updates for 90 days. Registered users can also update to later versions (beyond the initial 90 day free support period) for a nominal update fee of $5.00 plus $2.00 postage and handling. If you have the piping specifications for a material which is not included in the data file, please forward it to us at the address listed below. If we include it in the next version, we will send you a free update. REGISTRATION AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT ADDRESS Please address all registration requests and customer support inquiries to: Herne Data Systems Ltd., PO Box 250, Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0 CANADA voice or FAX (519)366-2732 To register, complete the form contained in the file REGISTER.DOC and send it with your check, money order or VISA card info to the above address. For faster service, you can FAX your registration form with VISA card info to us at (519) 366-2732. Technical support can also be obtained on CompuServe by directing inquiries to 72060,1153; or on the Internet to herne@wbb.com. COMPUSERVE SHAREWARE REGISTRATION SERVICE N P S Win can now be registered using the CompuServe shareware registration database. This service lets you pay for shareware registrations through your CompuServe account. After logging in to CompuServe, type GO SWREG and follow the on screen prompts. iii N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- The database registration ID number for N P S Win is 435. A registered copy of the latest version of N P S Win will be shipped directly to you from Herne Data Systems Ltd. ASP OMBUDSMAN This program is produced by a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at: 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 USA or send a Compuserve message via easyplex to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536 DEFINITION OF SHAREWARE Shareware distribution gives users a chance to try software before buying it. If you try a Shareware program and continue using it after a reasonable evaluation period, you are expected to register. Individual programs differ on details -- some request registration while others require it, some specify a maximum trial period. With registration, you get anything from the simple right to continue using the software to an updated program with printed manual. Copyright laws apply to both Shareware and commercial software, and the copyright holder retains all rights, with a few specific exceptions as stated below. Shareware authors are accomplished programmers, just like commercial authors, and the programs are of comparable quality. (In both cases, there are good programs and bad ones!) The main difference is in the method of distribution. The author specifically grants the right to copy and distribute the software, either to all and sundry or to a specific group. For example, some authors require written permission before a commercial disk vendor may copy their Shareware. Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of software. You should find software that suits your needs and pocketbook, whether it's commercial or Shareware. The Shareware system makes fitting your needs easier, because you can try before you buy. And because the overhead is low, prices are low also. Shareware has the ultimate money-back guarantee -- if you don't use the product, you don't pay for it. iv N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION How big is a six inch pipe? If you guessed six inches, you would be wrong. For many engineers, engineering students, plumbers, and other professionals, this is a tough question, but one which needs and answer (usually immediately or sooner!). Finding the answer used to be a job in itself - searching through the handbook tables only to discover that the material or size of pipe you wanted was not listed in the table. Now there is N P S for Windows, the user friendly computerized database of piping information from Herne Data Systems Ltd. Written by a professional engineer, N P S contains data on more than 3000 sizes and types of standard and specialty piping and tubing in over 25 different materials including metals, plastics and composites. (N P S is also available in a DOS version. Look for the file PIPE2x.EXE or PIPE2x.ZIP on your favourite BBS or shareware supplier). By the way, the correct answer to the above question is - it depends on the material and classification of the pipe. N P S (Nominal Pipe Size) gives the user instant access to all important piping parameters: true inside and outside diameters, wall thickness, linear weight, cross sectional and surface areas, moment of inertia, section modulus, radius of gyration and water flow capacity in US, Imperial or metric units. The data have been compiled from a number of international and industrial standards. The N P S for Windows program consists of a number of files as listed below: NPSW.EXE The main N P S program. NPS.DTA The piping data file for the N P S program. NPS.INI (Optional) contains the program default information. If this file is not present, N P S will use its own internal defaults of US units for weights and dimensions, and the first material in the NPS.DTA piping materials list. NPSW.DOC This documentation file. CATALOG.DOC Information on other shareware and commercial software products available from Herne Data Systems Ltd. 1 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- REGISTER.DOC Shareware registration form. To register your copy of NPSW, complete this form and mail along with your check, money order or VISA card info. If you have already registered, thank you. UPDATE.DOC (Optional) contains information on new features or enhancements since the last version. PIPEW2.EXE A self extracting PKZIP file containing all of the above files. You are encouraged to upload this file to your favourite BBS. Of the files listed above, only NPSW.EXE and NPS.DTA are absolutely required to run N P S. NPS.INI is created when you save new program defaults. * * * * This documentation assumes that the reader is reasonably familiar with the operation of his/her computer and understands how to invoke simple MS-DOS and Windows commands. * * * * N P S is part of the Engineering Applications and Reference Series from Herne Data Systems Ltd. This series is designed to give engineers, scientists and engineering students access to low cost utilities catering to their technical specialty. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS N P S for Windows works on all MS-DOS compatible computers running Microsoft Windows 3.0 or later. N P S works in all Windows operating modes: real, standard or 386 enhanced. N P S will run on any Windows supported network. Any Windows supported display adaptor and pointing device can be used. A pointing device is not required, but is recommended for ease of use. A fast hard drive and plenty of RAM is not required but is recommended for speedy operation of any Windows 3.x application. PRINTING THE DOCUMENTATION The NPSW.DOC documentation file is in ASCII text format, with no embedded control codes except for carriage returns, line feeds and page feeds. It can be printed on any standard dot matrix or 2 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- laser (non-PostScript) printer with the DOS COPY command: COPY NPSW.DOC LPT1: The text is formatted to print on either 8-1/2 x 11 inch letter sized paper or metric A4 sized paper. You can also import the text directly into most word processing programs for viewing or printing. (Consult your word processing program users' guide for details). MAKING A BACKUP Before using N P S for the first time, it is a good idea to make a backup copy. On a two floppy drive system, this can be done with a simple DOS COPY *.* command. On a hard drive system, you may want to create a new subdirectory for N P S (with the command MD NPSW) before copying the files. When it is run, N P S will automatically load its data files from the same subdirectory that the NPSW.EXE file is in. Therefore, as a minimum the files NPSW.EXE and NPS.DTA must be in the same subdirectory. If NPS.INI is present, it must be located in the same subdirectory also. INSTALLING N P S UNDER WINDOWS 3.x N P S is designed to run under Microsoft Windows (tm) version 3.0 or later, in any operating mode supported by your system (real, standard or 386 enhanced). Installing N P S is a simple two step manual process. Although it is not as flashy as some automatic installation programs, the manual installation gives you complete control over where N P S is installed and where it appears on your Windows desktop. N P S will NOT modify the AUTOEXEC.BAT, CONFIG.SYS, WIN.INI or SYSTEM.INI files, nor does it require you to make any modifications. N P S is installed directly from the Windows Program Manager, or similar Windows desktop. (For installation using other Windows desktops, such as Norton Desktop for Windows, consult your users' guide.) After copying the N P S files to the appropriate sub- directory on your hard drive, 1) Activate the window for the program group where you wish to include N P S or create a new group for N P S from the Program Manager with: File 3 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- New Program Group OK This will open the 'Program Group Properties' dialog box requesting the details of the new program group: description and group file. Type 'NPSW' in both edit boxes, then click on OK. 2) Once the program group has been selected or created, click the mouse on the following Program Manager sequence: File New Program Item OK This will open 'Program Item Properties' dialog box requesting the details of the program: description and command line. Type 'NPSW v2.1' for the description and the full path name for the command line (e.g. if you had the NPSW.EXE program file in the subdirectory \NPSW on C: drive, the full path would be C:\NPSW\NPSW). Then click on OK. If the 'run minimized' option is checked, NPSW will load as an icon when selected. For Windows 3.1, it is not necessary to enter anything in the 'Working Directory' box. The N P S icon should appear in the selected program group. If it does not appear, or an error message is displayed, check that you have specified the correct path and file name in the Program Item Properties dialog box. Installation is now complete. RUNNING N P S To run N P S, double click on the N P S icon from the program manager. If the 'run minimized' option was checked during the installation, N P S will initialize itself, then be minimized into an icon. Normally, N P S will expand to fill the entire screen after initialization. (Admittedly, N P S is a screen hog. This is necessary to make sure all data can be displayed.) The main window of N P S is a standard Windows program window with a caption bar (including system menu box and minimize box), menu bar and client area. The caption bar will display the name of the currently selected material. The menu has 6 options: File, Material, Units, Specifications, Calculator and Help. Each item can be activated either by clicking with the mouse or by pressing <Alt> and the first letter of the menu item (<Alt>-F, 4 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- <Alt>-M, <Alt>-U, <Alt>-S, <Alt>-C or <Alt>-H). Clicking on the MINIMIZE button will reduce N P S to an icon so you can run other Windows applications, but still have quick access to N P S when required. The client area of the main N P S window displays a list box containing the nominal pipe size (i.e. what the pipe is usually called in catalogs and specifications), the class or schedule (a code number that refers to the wall thickness of the pipe or tube), and the true outside diameter (OD), inside diameter (ID), and wall thickness dimensions for pipes or tubes of the selected material. The nominal dimensions are always displayed in their customary fashion (i.e. those found in catalog listings). The actual dimensions can be displayed in either inches or centimetres as selected from the UNITS menu. If the selected material contains more entries than can be displayed on a single screen, a vertical scroll bar will appear at the right edge of the client area. Most pipes are displayed as NPS (nominal pipe size, also called IPS). Pipes and tubes are also classified by wall thickness. In most cases, this will be a 'schedule' number (such as 40, 80, 160). Other designations are ST (standard wall); XS (extra strong); and XX (double extra strong). These numbers all relate to the thickness of the pipe or tube wall, and thus to its pressure retaining ability. Some materials are classified by pressure class, such as class 150 or class 250. Again these numbers reflect the different wall thicknesses required to hold these pressures. BWG numbers (Birmingham wire gauge) are often used for tube wall thickness. The <cursor up> and <cursor down> keys or the mouse can be used to select the pipe size for detailed data display. The <cursor up> and <cursor down> keys will move one line at a time. For long lists, the scroll bar can be used to quickly move from one end of the list to the other. The currently selected entry in the list box will by highlighted. MENU OPTIONS The program options are selected using the menu: File Selecting 'File' from the main menu will pop up a sub-menu with two items: About will display a dialog box containing program version 5 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- and copyright information. Exit will quit N P S and return to the Windows desktop. Materials Most piping and tubing materials are available in a variety of sizes. However, not all sizes are available in all materials and some materials have non-standard sizing designations or other special characteristics. Recognizing this, N P S allows the user to select from among a list of common piping materials. Selecting 'Materials' from the main menu will open the MATERIALS dialog box. This dialog box will have a list of all materials supported by the current data file version. The materials will be listed in alphabetical order. The currently selected material will be highlighted. To select and display a new material, use the <cursor up> and <cursor down> keys or click on the desired entry then click on OK or press <Enter>; or double click on the desired entry in the list box. To move quickly from one end of the list to the other, you can use the scroll bar. To save a material as the new system default, select the desired material, then click on the SAVE button. This will record the selected material in the NPS.INI file as the default for next time N P S is started up. If the NPS.INI file does not exist, one will be created in the same directory that the NPSW.EXE and NPS.DTA files are located. If you do not wish to change the currently displayed material, click on CANCEL to return to the main window. To display a help screen, click on the HELP button. A list of currently supported materials and densities can be found on page 2 of the Materials Help screen. You can cycle through all of the available help topics by clicking on the NEXT or PREV buttons in the HELP dialog box. Click on the OK button to return to the MATERIALS dialog box. Units NPS can display piping data in several different systems of measurement. Choosing 'Units' from the main menu will open the DISPLAY UNITS dialog box. The dimensional units can be selected as US (pounds, inches, US gallons), UK-Imperial (pounds, inches, 6 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Imperial gallons), or Metric (kilograms, centimetres, litres). To SAVE the current defaults, click on the SAVE button. When you save the defaults, N P S will automatically create the file NPS.INI in the directory where the NPSW.EXE and NPS.DTA files reside if it does not already exist. If you do not wish to change the current set of display units, click on the CANCEL button. Specifications Selecting 'Specifications' from the main menu will open the PIPE SPECIFICATIONS dialog box displaying additional data for the selected pipe size and material: weight per foot (pounds per foot of length) or meter (kilograms per metre of length) of pipe; cross sectional area of the bore and pipe wall (square inches or square centimetres); inside and outside surface area of the wall (square inches per foot of length or square centimetres per metre of length); internal pipe volume (cubic inches per foot of length or cubic centimetres per metre of length); section modulus (inches ^ 3 or centimetres ^ 3); moment of inertia (inches ^ 4 or centimetres ^ 4); radius of gyration (inches or centimetres); and water flow capacity at 1 ft/s (or 1 m/s) in volumetric (gallons per minute or litres per second) and mass units (pounds per hour or kilograms per hour). The unit pipe weight is based on a nominal density stored in the NPS.DTA file. The mass flow rate is based on the density of water. Weights for other materials can be calculated by changing the pipe material and fluid density values on the piping calculator dialog box. The dimensions can be displayed in either inch or centimetre units; the weights can be displayed in either pounds or kilograms and the flow volumes can be displayed in US gallons, Imperial gallons, or litres, depending on the settings of the system defaults (see Units menu item, above). To display a help screen, click on the HELP button. (You can cycle through all of the available help topics by clicking on the NEXT or PREV buttons in the HELP dialog box. Click on the OK button to return to the SPECIFICATIONS dialog box). To open the CALCULATOR dialog, click on the CALC button. (To exit the calculator, press the CLOSE button on the calculator window). To return to the main N P S window, press the OK button. 7 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- The specifications dialog box can also be opened by double clicking on an entry in the piping size list, or by selecting an entry and pressing the <Enter> key. Calculator N P S has a built in piping calculator that can perform dimensional, flow, and mass calculations and unit conversions. To access the calculator, select CALCULATOR from the main window, or press the CALC... button in the SPECIFICATIONS dialog box. The units for each display field can be set independently, with automatic conversion of the result supplied by N P S. This allows very flexible user input, without the need to pre-convert values into consistant units. All calculations are performed internally in inch-pound units, then converted to appropriate units for display. A list of the unit conversion factors used is given in Appendix A. Examples: Q: What is the total internal surface area (in square ft) and weight (in kg) of a 10 ft length of 2" schedule 80 steel pipe? A: From the main menu, select MATERIALS. Choose STEEL PIPE from the list box. From the main list of pipe sizes, double click on the '2" schedule 80' entry. Next, press the CALC... button in the SPECIFICATIONS dialog. Select 'ft' from the PIPE LENGTH units drop down list box, 'ft^2' from the INTERNAL SURFACE AREA units drop down list, and 'kg' from the WEIGHT units drop down list. Click the mouse on the PIPE LENGTH edit field, and type in 10. The results 5.07628 ft^2, and 22.7987 kg should be displayed. Q: Convert 165 US petroleum barrels/hr to cubic meters/minute. A: Open the CALCULATOR dialog. Select 'Pt bbl/hr' from the VOLUME FLOW units drop down list box. Type in 165 in the VOLUME FLOW edit field. Select 'm^3/min' from the VOLUME FLOW units drop down list box. The result 0.43729 m^3/min should be displayed. To save the current set of display units, press the SAVE button. 8 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- The next time you open the calculator dialog box, the same combination of units will be used. The save button will also save the current values of the PIPE LENGTH, PIPE DENSITY, FLUID DENSITY and FLUID VELOCITY. All other display fields are calculated from these basic values, combined with the pipe specific dimensions (OD and wall thickness) of the currently selected pipe type and size. To restore the display units and basic values to internal defaults, press the RESET button. Note, if you wish to make the reset "stick" (i.e. appear the next time you open the calculator), you must press the SAVE button after the RESET button. To exit the calculator, press the CLOSE button. If you accessed the calculator from the SPECIFICATIONS dialog, you will be returned to it, otherwise you will be returned to the main window. Help N P S contains on-line help which is available at any time N P S is running. The help screens are built into N P S. Access to the Windows Help facility is not required to display N P S help. Selecting 'Help' from the main menu will pop up a HELP index sub- menu with the following items: About, General, Materials, Piping Specs, Registration and ASP Ombudsman. The About selection displays the same dialog box as the File- About menu option. Selecting any of the other options will open the HELP dialog box and display a page of text. The HELP dialog has 3 buttons: Next, Prev and OK. Clicking on Next or Prev (for previous) will cycle through all of the help pages. Click on the OK button to return to the main window. The General sub-menu selection starts the display at the first help page. The Materials sub-menu selection starts the display at the same help screen as the HELP button on the MATERIALS selection dialog box. The Piping Specs sub-menu selection starts the display at the same help screen as the HELP button on the PIPE SPECIFICATIONS dialog box. The Calculations sub-menu selection starts the display at the same help screen as the HELP button on the CALCULATOR dialog box. The Registration sub-menu selection starts the display at the registration information screen and the ASP Ombudsman sub-menu selection begins at the ASP ombudsman message screen. 9 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- DATA FILES NPS.DTA The NPS.DTA file contains data on the name, thickness class code, inside and outside diameter for each nominal pipe size, and the name and density of each material in inch-pound units. All other parameters (wall thickness, weight, areas, flow capacity and all metric values) are calculated from these numbers. Details of the calculations are summarized in APPENDIX A. The linear weight of pipe is calculated based on a nominal density for the selected material. Weights for other materials can be calculated by changing the pipe material density value on the piping calculator dialog box. The data are stored in a proprietary format which cannot be changed by the user. The data used in N P S has been compiled from a wide variety of industry standards. While great care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the data, Herne Data Systems Ltd. assumes no liability for errors or omissions. * * * * If you have the piping specifications for a material which is not included in this list, please forward it to Herne Data Systems Ltd. If we include it in the next version, we will send you a free update. * * * * NPS.INI The NPS.INI file contains program defaults for the material and display units. The file is structured according to a standard Windows .INI file in the format <string>=<value>. Three sections are currently used: [NPS v2w] Defines general program defaults. PIPETYPE defines the default pipe or tubing material. It is a positive integer value from 0 to ??. This value is updated each time you click on SAVE from the MATERIALS dialog box. UNITS defines the system of measurement used to display data. A value of 0 indicates US customary units (inches, 10 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- pounds, feet, US gallons); 1 indicates Imperial (UK) units (same as US except for Imperial gallons); and 2 indicates metric units (centimetres, litres, kilograms). [CALCUNITS] An integer number which defines the default units for each of the display fields in the piping calculator dialog box. OD pipe outside diameter TH pipe wall thickness PL pipe length PD pipe density ISA pipe inside surface area ESA pipe external surface area XS pipe cross sectional area IV pipe internal volume WT pipe weight FD fluid density FV fluid velocity VF fluid volume flow MF fluid mass flow TW pipe+fluid total static weight [CALCVAL] A decimal number which defines the default values for the basic fields on the piping calculator. Fields not listed are calculated from these basic fields and/or the selected pipe properties. The stored values are automatically converted to the current display units. PD density of pipe material in pounds/cubic inch PL pipe length in inches FD fluid density in pounds/cubic inch FV fluid velocity in inches/second * * * * Thank you for using N P S. Another quality product from Herne Data Systems Ltd. N P S is also available in a DOS version. Phone, write or FAX for more information on our other products. * * * * 11 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX A: CALCULATION METHODS The following calculation methods are used in N P S. (All units are normalized by N P S to ensure dimensional correctness). wall_thickness = (outside_diameter - inside_diameter) / 2 bore_area = (pi / 4) x (inside_diameter) ^ 2 wall_area = [(pi / 4) x (outside_diameter) ^ 2] - bore_area linear_weight = wall_area x unit_length x material_density section_modulus = pi x [(outside_diameter^4) - (inside_diameter^4)] ------------------------------------------------- [32 x outside_diameter] moment_of_inertia = pi x [(outside_diameter^4) - (inside_diameter^4)] ------------------------------------------------- 64 radius_of_gyration = [(outside_diameter^2) + (inside_diameter^2)] ^0.5 ------------------------------------------------- 4 material_density = density of the piping material. For a list of the densities used, see the HELP screen on the main N P S program. vol_flow_capacity = bore_area x flow_velocity mass_flow_capacity = vol_flow_capacity x water_density flow_velocity = 1 foot/second for US and Imperial units = 1 metre/second for Metric units water_density = 0.03613 pounds/cubic inch for US and Imperial units = 1 gram/cubic centimetre for Metric units 12 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- The following constants are used for conversions between US, Imperial and Metric units: 1 foot = 0.3048 metre 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 US gal = 3.785 litres 1 Imp gal = 4.54 litres 1 US petroleum barrel = 42 US gal 1 US liquid barrel = 31.5 US gal 1 pound = 0.454 kg 1 ton = 2000 pounds 1 tonne = 1000 kg Additional constants used: pi = 3.14159 NOTE: All calculations are done internally in inch-pound units, then converted to the appropriate display units. 13 N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w) ----------------------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX B: VERSION HISTORY Version 2.1 for Windows (94-03-01): - added linear ID volume to piping specifications dialog - added piping calculator dialog Version 2.0 for Windows: Initial windows release - version 2.0 for DOS converted to Windows operation. Expanded piping database to over 3000 entries with addition of instrument tubing. 14